|
This monument is dedicated to home army during
1939 – 1945. It is based on decorative block of granite next to
building which is part of the Gdansk University on the crossing of
Armii Krajowej and 1-go Maja Street. It was erected in 1998.
The failed September campaign in 1939 and the
division of Poland into two occupied zones, German and Soviet, did
not break the will of the Polish people to continue its fight for
freedom. In Warsaw, before the surrender, a secret military
organization was set up with the approval of the Supreme Commander,
who was already in Romania. General Michael Karszewicz-Tokarzewski
took command and gave it the name "Służba Zwycięstwu Polski"
(Service for Poland's Victory), or "SZP". In addition, both in
Warsaw and in other places in the country, many other secret groups
sprang up. Some were organized by army officers, who had avoided
being taken prisoner, others were initiated by groups from political
parties or by groups of friends. During the years 1939-1941, the
main efforts of the ZWZ were directed towards organizational work
preparing for later military action. During this period a large
number of the independent military groups, that had sprung up after
September 1939, were incorporated into ZWZ. At the same time ZWZ was
fighting the occupants on three fronts: propaganda, reconnaissance
and sabotage.
After the fall of France in June 1940, the Polish
Government moved to London and established the Supreme Command of
the ZWZ in Poland. Gen. Rowecki, in Warsaw, was appointed
Commander-in-Chief, to be solely in charge of military matters. At
the government-in-exile a Ministerial Committee for Homeland Affairs
was set up. Authority in Poland was thus split between military and
civil. The position of Chief Government Delegate was established to
be in charge of political and administrative affairs in Poland, who
was to deal with political matters in consultation with the party
representatives in the Political Coordinating Committee.
Towards the end of 1943, the government-in-exile
in London and the underground government at home make a decision. As
the Germans retreat under Soviet pressure, the Home Army will
increase its armed fight against them.
After the Soviet armies occupied the remainder of
western Poland, based on a decision of the President of Poland (in
London), Gen. Okulicki issued an order closing down the Home Army on
January 19, 1945. On March 26, 1945, the Chief Delegate Jan
Stanisław Jankowski, chairman of the Council of National Unity
Kazimierz Puzak and Gen. Okulicki were invited to a meeting with
Soviet authorities and were arrested. Transported to Moscow, they
were tried with a group of 16 other leaders of the Polish
Underground and imprisoned. After the arrests, the director of
Internal Affairs in the Delegatura, Stefan Korbonski (Labor Party
representative) took over the function of Chief Delegate. On July 1,
1945 the Council of National Unity decided to close the Delegatura
and disband itself. By this act the activities of the Polish
Underground State came to an end. |